Evershed and Vignoles Product Range 1951

The following information has been transcribed from E&V Publication 242 dated January 1951 which describes the range of instruments and equipment manufactured at the time.

THE FOUR SERIES OF MEGGER INSULATION TESTER

Megger Insulation Testers are self-contained testing instruments, always ready for immediate use. They consist of a hand driven generator to produce the testing voltage, and a direct reading ohmmeter which measures the value of the insulation resistance. These components are mounted together in·a portable case and are constructed of materials capable of withstanding tropical conditions. There are four patterns of instrument, the characteristics and uses of each being briefly described below. Some instruments, moreover, have certificates of intrinsic safety, while the Series 1 instruments can also be supplied with three voltage ranges, and a special Series I instrument in a somewhat larger case is available for a testing pressure of 5.000 volts and a range of 100,000 megohms.

SERIES 1
For testing high tension equipment, transformers, insulators, generators. mains and apparatus having a high degree of insulation and considerable electrostatic capacity. Testing pressures up to 2,500 volts. Ranges up to 50.000 megohms. A special 5000 volt tester is also available.

SERIES 2
For testing power circuits. motors, etc. and apparatus operating on 500 volts, and for mains having moderate electrostatic capacity. It may also be supplied with a second scale for testing continuity of lead sheathing. Testing pressures up to 1.000 volts. Ranges up to 2,000 megohms.

SERIES 3
Known also as the Wee-Megger Tester for testing in house wiring, small motors
and apparatus operating at pressures up to 250 volts. Only obtainable with a variable pressure generator. Weight 3 lbs. Testing pressures up to 500 volts, ranges up to 50 megohms.

SERIES 4
An intermediate instrument with the voltage and megohm ranges of the Series 3 tester, but having a constant pressure generator. It may be fitted with a divide by100 switch or a continuity range, refinements hitherto only available in the Series 2 instrument. Weight 6 lbs.

The safety and reliability of electrical installations and apparatus depends chiefly on the condition of the insulation which should therefore be tested at regular intervals. These tests should be carried out during manufacture, before acceptance, after installation, and periodically while in service.
Megger Insulation Testers have received world wide recognition as the standard appliance for making these tests. They are made exclusively by the Evershed organisation under their registered trade mark " MEGGER," and are in general use throughout the civilised world.

BRIDGE MEGGER TESTERS
The Bridge-Megger Testing Set is a combination of a Megger Insulation Tester and a complete Wheatstone Bridge. Covering a wide range of resistance, it is an ideal instrument for the maintenance engineer enabling the resistance of motor windings, contactor operating coils etc., to be accurately measured, periodical insulation tests made and faults in telephone cable located using the Varley Loop method.

The Bridge-Megger Testing Sets, Series 1 and 2 are self contained testing instruments. Each comprises a hand driven generator of the constant pressure type to produce the testing voltage, a change-over switch to change from insulation to Wheatstone bridge tests. a moving coil ohmmeter which measures directly the value of the insulation resistance and which acts as the galvanometer for the bridge tests. A ratio switch and a direct reading adjustable resistance complete the bridge. This resistance is switch operated, its total value being shown on four dials as a row of figures.

SERIES 1 TESTING SET
The Series 1 Testing Set consists or two units, the adjustable resistance being contained in a separate case from the instrument to which it is connected by two short leads. Both cases are constructed of hard wood and have leather carrying handles. On the side of the instrument there are two terminals. marked" Line" and .. Earth." which are used for insulation tests. and at the end of the case are two pairs of terminals marked" R ., and .. X" for connection to the resistance box and the resistance under test when making bridge tests. All instruments are internally guarded against surface leakage and those scaled to I ,000 megohms and over have a guard terminal for eliminating the effects of surface leakage on the apparatus under test. High sensitivity instruments are provided with levelling screws. All Bridge-Megger Testing Sets. Series I, are suitable for carrying out Varley loop tests. Testing voltages up to 1,000 volts. Range covered ·0 I ohm. up to 2,000 megohms. Weight including resistance box 28 lbs.

SERIES 2 TESTING SET
The Series 2 Testing Set is contained in a single case of aluminium alloy. the lid and base being,of moulded plastic material. A leather carrying strap attached to the case is adjustable in length and can be arranged either short-for carrying the instrument by hand, or long for slinging from the shoulder. The normal instrument has only two terminals marked .. Line" and .. Earth," and these are used for both insulation and bridge tests. Instruments incorporating Varley Test facilities have a third terminal marked" Varley Earth." Testing voltages up to 1,000 volts. Range covered ·0 I ohm. up to 200 megohms. Size 11x81x7 ins. Weight 12¾ lbs.

OHMMETERS
Evershed Ohmmeters are instruments intended for the rapid measurement of electrical resistance. They are direct reading true ohmmeters in that their accuracy is unaffected by variation in the supply voltage, the movements being similar to those fitted in Megger Insulation Testers. Instruments are available for the measurement of either insulation or conductor resistances and are widely used for testing components during manufacture.

MEGGER CIRCUIT TESTERS
Portable direct reading true ohmmeters operated from self contained 4½ volt dry batteries. No adjustment necessary for battery voltage. Suitable for measuring the resistance of motor windings and other conductor resistances, and for testing the bonding of conduit. Four instruments available with ranges up to 30. 300, 50,000 and 200,000 ohms, respectively. Weight:2 lbs,

WORKSHOP OHMMETERS
Direct reading true ohmmeters operated from an external source of supply. Employed by manufacturers of telephone and telegraph apparatus, condensers, wireless sets, electric lamps, etc., for the rapid measurement of the insulation and conductor resistances of electrical components during manufacture, Instruments available for wall mounting or bench use, and covering a wide range of resistance.

DUCTER OHMMETER
A portable direct reading true ohmmeter for the measurement of low resistances from a few ohms down to I microhm. Each instrument has four or five different ranges and is suitable for the testing of switch contacts, rail bonds, windings of series motors, etc, The ohmmeter operates from an external alkaline battery supplied with the set.

EVERSHED BOND TESTER
This is a low range true ohmmeter for testing the bonding of aeroplane structures, metallic sheathing. etc. it has a single range of 0-0·1 ohm. and operates from a self contained alkaline cell. It is housed in a hardwood case supported by straps. Weight 91 lbs.

SAFETY OHMMETER
This instrument is designed for testing detonator and shot firing circuits. and the testing current cannot exceed 12 milliamperes. Though similar in appearance to the Series 3 Megger Insulation Tester. it comprises a low voltage generator and a true ohmmeter. and is certified a~ intrinsically safe. Range 0-100 ohms.

EARTH TESTERS
These direct reading instruments enable the resistance to earth of earth electrodes to be quickly and easily determined, With these instruments it becomes an easy matter to ascertain whether at all times the resistance of these electrodes is sufficiently low to permit the correct operation of protective gear and to minimise the dangers due to lightning.
There are three patterns of instrument, each consisting of a direct reading ohmmeter and a hand generator of a special type so designed that under most practical conditions the effects or electrolytic back emf and of stray currents in the soil may be neglected.
The Series 1 instrument, has an evenly divided scale and can have up to four ranges, while the Series 2 and Series 4 testers have logarithmic scales and up to two ranges only. In general appearance these instruments resemble the equivalent series of Megger Insulation Testers.

MEGGER EARTHOMETER TESTERS
These instruments measure the resistance of the complete earthing circuit which includes the resistance of the electrodes at both the sub-station and the consumers premises, These instruments are similar to the Series 2 and Series 4 earth testers. but each contains a neon warning lamp and a special switch to protect the instrument as Earthometer tests are carried out with the circuit alive. These instruments may also be used as earth testers.

The resistivity method of prospecting has been found extremely useful for elucidating geological conditions. This method, which reduces very considerably the cost of a survey, is used extensively in prospecting for mineral deposits, in the search for shallow water supplies, and in the determination of depth to bed rock for dam foundations and the like.

These tests can be carried out very simply by the Geophysical Megger Earth Tester, and within its limitation by the Low Resistance Megger Earth Tester which is similar in appearance to the Series 1 Earth Tester, but has a lower range. Both instruments have hand driven generators to provide the testing current, and they give directly, without calculation, the value R in the resistivity p = 2πaR.
The Geophysical Megger Earth Tester has ranges of 0-0.3, 0-1, 0-3, 0-10 and 0-30 ohms, while those of the Low Resistance Megger Earth Tester are 0- 1, 0- I 0, 0- 100 and 0- 1,000 ohms.

AC LEAKAGE INDICATOR
It is normal practice to connect the neutral point of an A.C. system to earth. and a leakage ammeter is often included in this circuit. This instrument, which may be of the indicating or of the chart recording type, is, however, liable to damage by the passage of excessive earth current. The Evershed Self-protecting AC Leakage Indicator and Recorder although calibrated only to 10 amperes, are not liable to damage from an excessive earth current of several thousand amperes, and they require no protective relays.

MEGGER CAPACITY METER
The Megger Capacity meter is direct reading instrument for the measurement of the electrostatic capacity of power condensers, underground cables, and condensers for radio and other purposes. A portable type having a self-contained hand generator, and a workshop type for operating from A.C. mains are available. Both types can be fitted with range switches. The self-contained portable instrument, which is similar in appearance to the Series 1 Megger Insulation Tester shown in Figure 1, is so constructed that the accuracy of the readings is not impaired even if the insulation of the apparatus under test is as low as 10.000 ohms. Lowest range available 0-3·003 microfarad. Highest range available 0-10 microfarads.

DlONIC WATER PURITY METER OR ELECTRIC SALINOMETER
This instrument measures continuously the purity of water flowing out of surface condensers, distilling plant, etc. The usual generating station cubicle includes a chart recorder and an alarm indicator. Instruments are also available for recording steam purity or boiler concentration and marine applications.

PORTABLE DIONIC WATER TESTER
This is a direct reading instrument for measuring the electrical conductivity of a sample of water. It provides a rapid and accurate means of carrying out routine tests for determining the amount of dissolved inorganic impurity. and may be used by unskilled operators.

EVERSHED ELECTRICAL TACHOMETER
This consists of a transmitter, driven by the machinery. the speed of which is to be indicated. and connected by 2-core cable to one or more Indicators or to ~l chart recorder, Its reliability has resulted in it being used extensively on board ship,in paper mills and in cement works.

EVERSHED RUDDER INDICATOR
This apparatus has been used in the Royal Navy since 1893 and is also supplied to foreign navies and for use in ships of the British and foreign mercantile marine. This instrument, fitted on over 600 ships operates directly from the ships mains.

PORTABLE AND SWITCHBOARD INSTRUMENTS
Various patterns of portable and switchboard instruments are Manufactured. All have spring mounted jewels and are particularly robust. Each instrument is calibrated throughout its entire range and conforms to the appropriate British Standard Specification for 1st grade or substandard instruments.

RECORDERS FOR ANY PURPOSE
Evershed recorders are available for many purposes, and to record such quantities as amperes. volts. watts. frequency. power factor etc. Often the electrical quantity measured represents some mechanical quantity, e,g, speed or water level. while for some purposes a mechanical movement may be fitted in the instrument.
Time interval or operation recorders are also available, these instruments automatically plotting on a time basis the stopping and starting of machines, the opening or closing of switches or any movement of which it is desired to have a true record.

MULTIPLE RECORDERS
Instruments can be supplied with one, two or three movements mounted in one case. Different combinations of movement can be provided. for instance, a triplex instrument may record simultaneously on one chart 11" wide the voltage of a three phase supply (Figure 38) or other quantities such as kilowatts. kilovolts and frequency, Operation recorders may have 20 pens recording simultaneously, or merely one pen on a drum chart.

FIXED OR PORTABLE INSTRUMENTS
Instruments for continuous service can be supplied for flush mounting on a switchboard or for fixing on walls, It is. however, often convenient to have recorders which can be used for checking the operation of certain plant during a short period and then removed to obtain similar records elsewhere. For this purpose Evershed portable recorders in hard wood cases arc eminently suitable.

CHARTS
The usual pattern of recorder is of the roll or continuous chart type. Charts are supplied in 65 ft. lengths, sufficient for one month's use at a speed of I" per hour. They have straight time lines. a valuable feature which facilitates the comparison of two or three quantities recorded on one or more charts. Recorders with daily disc charts are also available for those who prefer a fresh chart every day.

CHART SPEED AND TYPES OF CLOCK
Recorders of the roll chart type are normally supplied with either spring driven or electrically driven clocks. The spring driven clocks are of two types, the low speed clock with escapement control, and the high speed clock with fly governor control. The electrical clocks are driven by small synchronous motors of the self-starting type. A special self-winding clock can also be supplied. This has a spring drive and escapement control but is automatically re-wound at regular intervals by means of a small motor. The arrangement is such that there is always a reserve of 24 hours on the spring as a precaution against supply failure. The clock is suitable for an alternating current supply and for chart speeds up to 12 inches per hour only.

Recorders of the roll chart type can have a wide range of chart speeds. The range is determined partly by the type of clock, but for each type of clock a number of speeds can be obtained merely by changing external gear wheels. Speeds from ½" per hour to 12" per minute can be obtained on standard pattern recorders.

FlOWMETERS
The new Evershed “Rollflow” Meter is a transmitting type of flowmeter for indicating or recording liquid or gas flow at a distance.

PROCESS CONTROLLERS
These instruments, which are electronically operated, provide proportional, integral and derivative forms of control. In Figure 40 can be seen a 3-term controller in flameproof case. The instruments may be used to control pneumatically operated valves fitted with the Evershed Valve Positioners, the electro-pneumatic system of control employed eliminating signal lag and removing limitations on transmission distances.

TANK GAUGES
The Evershed Tank Contents Gauge is a diaphragm type, which records at a distance the contents of tanks containing food stuffs, syrups and other viscous liquids.
The Evershed Precise Tank Gauge operates on the null-point displacer system and has an accuracy of 0.1inch irrespective of the range. The transmitter is waterproof and flameproof, and the indicators have double concentric dials marked in feet and inches.

POSITION CONTROLLERS
These are used for the control of engine throttles, large butterfly valves, tuning condensers etc. Each consists of a hand operated transmitter connected by three pilot wires to a slave unit which operates the mechanism under control.

REMOTE INDICATORS
Evershed transmitters are available for repeating at a distance the following measurements :-electrical quantities such as amperes, volts, watts, steam water and gas pressure and flow, water level in reservoirs, gasholder stock, degree of opening of valves, sluice gates etc. Other work undertaken includes the summation of two or more measured quantities such as electrical power gas or water flow, the information being transmitted to a central point.
The Evershed Electronic Repeater System is fully automatic and unaffected by variation in supply voltage or line resistance. and the number of receivers can be varied at any time without the necessity of re-calibration.

NOFLOTE PUMP CONTROL
This apparatus provides high and low level alarms and automatically controls drainage and other pumps. without the use of float gear. An installation consists of two or more adjustable electrodes, and a relay connected to the motor starter.